Peru Weather in January

Peru is a country of diverse climates, ranging from arid coastal deserts to the humid Amazon rainforest, and from the Andean highlands to tropical valleys. January falls in the middle of the summer season for Peru, with conditions varying depending on the region. The coastal areas typically experience warm weather with some rainfall, while the Amazon region is characterized by its high humidity and frequent showers. In the highlands, January is part of the rainy season, making it an important time to consider the weather patterns for different travel plans.

Average Temperatures in January

In January, temperatures in Peru are typically warm to hot, with differences between the coastal areas, the Andean mountains, and the Amazon rainforest. Below is a breakdown of the typical weather conditions:

• Coastal Areas (Lima, Paracas, Arequipa): The coast of Peru, particularly Lima, is typically warm in January with high humidity due to its proximity to the Pacific Ocean. The average daytime temperatures range from 25°C to 30°C (77°F to 86°F), with the evenings cooling down to 18°C to 22°C (64°F to 72°F). Arequipa, further south, is generally warmer and drier, with daytime temperatures ranging from 25°C to 30°C (77°F to 86°F) and cooler nights of 15°C to 20°C (59°F to 68°F).
• Andean Highlands (Cusco, Sacred Valley, Arequipa): The highland regions of Peru, including Cusco, Arequipa, and the Sacred Valley, experience milder temperatures in January, though the rain can make conditions cooler and more variable. Daytime temperatures range from 18°C to 22°C (64°F to 72°F), but temperatures can drop to 6°C to 12°C (43°F to 54°F) at night, particularly at higher elevations.
• Amazon Basin (Iquitos, Puerto Maldonado): The Amazon region of Peru is hot and humid in January, with frequent rainfall. Daytime temperatures in cities like Iquitos and Puerto Maldonado range from 28°C to 33°C (82°F to 91°F), while nights can remain warm, with temperatures between 21°C to 24°C (70°F to 75°F). The high humidity can make it feel warmer.

Table: Average Temperatures and Precipitation in Peru (January) Over the Last 10 Years

This table highlights the typical January weather in Peru, with daytime highs ranging from 28°C to 32°C (82°F to 89°F), and nighttime lows generally between 17°C and 20°C (63°F to 68°F). Precipitation varies significantly depending on the region, with higher rainfall in the Amazon and the Andean highlands, averaging 70mm to 120mm.

Precipitation Levels

January falls within the rainy season for much of Peru, especially in the highlands and the Amazon. The coastal regions see less rain but may still experience some brief showers due to humid conditions.

• Coastal Areas: Lima and the central coast are relatively dry in January, although occasional showers are possible due to the coastal fog and humidity. Coastal cities can expect around 10mm to 20mm of rain.
• Andean Highlands: The Andes are generally wet in January, especially in Cusco and the Sacred Valley. Precipitation can be substantial, with 70mm to 100mm of rain common in the highlands. Rain typically falls in the form of afternoon or evening showers, with the possibility of thunderstorms.
• Amazon Basin: The Amazon region is the wettest during January, with 100mm to 200mm of rain in some areas. Iquitos and Puerto Maldonado experience heavy, frequent downpours throughout the month, often in the form of torrential showers or thunderstorms. This region’s humidity adds to the rain, creating a hot, sticky climate.

Wind Patterns

Wind patterns in Peru are influenced by the geographical features of the country. Coastal areas are affected by oceanic winds, while inland and Amazon regions are influenced by local weather systems.

• Coastal Areas: Coastal Peru typically experiences mild winds during January, with the Garúa (coastal fog) phenomenon that affects Lima. These winds can be more noticeable in the southern coastal regions, such as Paracas, where the breeze helps to moderate the hot temperatures.
• Andean Highlands: Winds in the Andes tend to be gentle, but high-altitude regions like Cusco can experience gusts, particularly during storms or rainfall. The wind can feel cooler at higher elevations, especially during the evening and early morning hours.
• Amazon Basin: Winds in the Amazon region are generally light, but heavy rains and thunderstorms can create temporary gusts. The high humidity and frequent rain often limit the effect of wind in the region, making it feel more oppressive and sticky.

Atmospheric Pressure

Atmospheric pressure is relatively stable across Peru, though it varies slightly with the weather systems and altitude.

• Coastal Areas: In Lima, atmospheric pressure is usually around 1012 hPa during January, contributing to warm and humid conditions. The stable pressure can lead to occasional periods of calm weather or light winds along the coast.
• Andean Highlands: At higher elevations, such as Cusco (3,400 meters), the pressure is lower, generally hovering around 700 hPa. This lower atmospheric pressure can cause symptoms of altitude sickness for travelers who are not acclimatized.
• Amazon Basin: The Amazon region experiences slightly higher atmospheric pressure due to its proximity to the equator, but it is still relatively moderate. Pressure generally ranges from 1010 hPa to 1013 hPa, contributing to the hot, humid weather.

Things to Consider for a Traveler in January

January is part of the wet season in Peru, and travelers should take several factors into account when planning their trip.

1. Rain and Humidity

• Packing for the Rain: Given that January is a wet month, particularly in the Andes and the Amazon, it’s important to pack appropriately. Waterproof gear, such as jackets, ponchos, and waterproof shoes, is essential for exploring the highlands or Amazon. In the Amazon, bring lightweight, moisture-wicking clothes to combat the heat and humidity.
• Plan for Wet Days: Expect occasional rain showers or thunderstorms in many parts of the country. Travelers to the highlands, especially those visiting Machu Picchu or hiking the Inca Trail, should be prepared for muddy conditions and rain during treks.

2. Altitude Sickness

• Acclimatization: Cusco, Machu Picchu, and other highland regions are situated at high altitudes. The drop in oxygen levels can lead to altitude sickness. It’s important to take time to acclimatize before engaging in strenuous activities. Drink plenty of water, eat light meals, and avoid overexertion to minimize the risk.

3. Temperature Variability

• Layering: Even though January is a warm month, temperatures can drop quickly in the evening in the highlands. Travelers should bring layers of clothing to adjust to fluctuating temperatures, especially when visiting areas at higher altitudes.
• Coastal Warmth: Coastal cities like Lima can feel warm and humid in the daytime but cooler at night. Be prepared for this temperature variation with light daytime wear and warmer clothing for the evenings.

4. Insects and Mosquitoes

• Insect Repellent: The Amazon region has high humidity and frequent rain, which creates a perfect environment for mosquitoes. Insect repellent and long sleeves or pants are recommended when traveling through the jungle to avoid mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria or dengue.

5. Crowds and Accessibility

• High Season for Tourists: January falls within the peak tourist season, especially during the holidays. Popular sites like Machu Picchu can get crowded, so it’s a good idea to book tickets and accommodations in advance.
• Access to Remote Areas: While the Inca Trail and other trekking routes remain open in January, be aware that rain can affect accessibility and trail conditions. Be prepared for possible disruptions and adjust travel plans accordingly.

Things to Do in Peru in January

January offers a variety of activities for travelers to Peru, from exploring historical sites to adventuring in the natural beauty of the Andes and the Amazon. Below are some top recommendations for things to do in Peru during January:

1. Explore Machu Picchu

• Despite the rain, January is a great time to visit Machu Picchu, as the crowds are fewer compared to the dry season. The misty atmosphere gives the site a mystical aura, and the lush green surroundings make for stunning photos.

2. Hike the Inca Trail

• The Inca Trail remains open in January, although the rain can make it slippery. If you’re up for the challenge, this multi-day trek offers a unique chance to explore the Andean mountains and reach Machu Picchu via the traditional route. Ensure you’re prepared with waterproof gear and proper hiking boots.

3. Amazon Jungle Adventures

• January is a great time to explore the Amazon Rainforest. With its rich biodiversity, travelers can enjoy guided jungle walks, river cruises, and wildlife watching. Popular starting points for Amazon tours include Iquitos and Puerto Maldonado. Expect to see a variety of animals, including monkeys, parrots, and river dolphins.

4. Visit Cusco

• Cusco, once the heart of the Inca Empire, is a city full of history and culture. Despite the rain, you can explore its rich archaeological sites, such as Sacsayhuamán, Qorikancha, and the Sacred Valley. January’s low crowds make it an excellent time for sightseeing without the usual rush.

5. Paracas and Ballestas Islands

• Visit Paracas National Reserve and take a boat tour to the Ballestas Islands to see an abundance of wildlife, including sea lions, penguins, and seabirds. The weather is mild on the coast, making it a good time for these excursions.

6. Lima and the Coast

• Lima, the capital city, offers a vibrant cultural scene, from museums and art galleries to historical districts like Barranco. The coastal cliffs and beaches are also a great place to relax, and you can enjoy the city’s renowned cuisine, such as ceviche and pisco sours.

7. Sacred Valley

• The Sacred Valley, located between Cusco and Machu Picchu, is an area of historical significance, home to Incan ruins and traditional villages. You can visit Ollantaytambo, Pisac, and Moray, which offer scenic views of the valley and its agricultural terraces.

8. Lake Titicaca

• Lake Titicaca, the highest navigable lake in the world, offers a chance to explore Uros Islands, which are made entirely of reeds. You can also visit Taquile Island, known for its ancient traditions and beautiful views of the lake.

9. Explore Arequipa and Colca Canyon

• Arequipa, known as the “White City” due to its stunning white volcanic stone architecture, is surrounded by natural beauty. You can visit the nearby Colca Canyon, one of the deepest canyons in the world, to see the majestic Andean condors soaring above the canyon.

10. Cultural Festivals

• Although major festivals are not common in January, it’s still an excellent time to visit local markets and attend smaller cultural events. You can visit Puno for a quieter experience of Peruvian culture and see the local dances and customs before the start of the larger celebrations in February.